Farmacia Journal 4/2023
Volume 71 | Number 4 | Year 2023
Download this issue’s covers, and announcements.
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EXPOSOME RESEARCH: DEFINITION, SCOPE AND THE NEED FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
CAROLINA NEGREI, ANA-MARIA VLASCEANU *, DANIELA LUIZA BACONI
Department of Toxicology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021, Bucharest, Romania
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PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SPIRULINA SPECIES: HEPATOPROTECTIVE, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER EFFECTS
HANY A. AL-HUSSANIY 1,2*, ZAHRAA SALAM AL-TAMEEMI 1,2, BASSAM A. AL-ZUBAIDI 1, AMJAD I. ORAIBI 3,4, FATIMA AKEEL NAJI 2,5, SOUMAYA KILANI 3,4
1Department of Pharmacy, Bilad Alrafidain University College, Diyala Junction, Baqubah, Diyala, Iraq
2 Dr. Hany Akeel Institute Iraqi Medical Research Centre, Baghdad, Iraq
3 Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, department of pharmacy
4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences A, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
5 College of Pharmacy, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq -
AN UP-TO-DATE ON POVIDONE-IODINE WITH FOCUS ON WOUND MANAGEMNT: CURRENT AVAILABLE DATA AND NEW APPROACHES
ALINA CHELMUȘ-BURLACU 1*, LENUȚA PROFIRE 2, DRAGOȘ PIEPTU 1,3
1“Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iași, Faculty of Medicine, 16 Universității Street, Iași, Romania 2“Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iași, Faculty of Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, Iași, Romania 3Plastic Surgery Department, Regional Oncology Institute, 2-4 General Henri Mathias Berthelot Street, Iași, Romania
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NEW DIRECTIONS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT WITH SGLT-2 INHIBITOR MOLECULES IN THE LIGHT OF CURRENT GUIDELINES FOR DIABETES MELLITUS, HEART FAILURE AND KIDNEY DISEASE
MARIANA CORNELIA TILINCA 1,2, CSILLA ANTAL 2, ANDREEA SĂLCUDEAN 3*, BIANCA LARISA ABĂLAȘEI 4, ROXANA MARIA FĂRCAȘ 2, ALEXANDRA GROȘAN 5
1Department of Internal Medicine I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142, Romania
2 Department of Diabetology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540042, Romania
3 Department of Ethics and Social Sciences, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142, Romania
4 Department of Psychiatry II, Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540072, Romania
5 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142, Romania -
UHPLC/MS ASSESSMENT OF POLYPHENOLIC ACIDS AND RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF SALVIA SPECIES FROM THE SOUTH-WEST OF ROMANIA FLORA
ROXANA MARIA BĂLĂŞOIU 1, ANDREI BIŢĂ 2*, ELENA CAMELIA STĂNCIULESCU 3, GABRIELA RĂU 4, CORNELIA BEJENARU 5, LUDOVIC EVERARD BEJENARU 2, CĂTĂLINA GABRIELA PISOSCHI 3
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2–4 Petru Rareş Street, 200349, Craiova, Romania
1 PhD Student, Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova
2 Department of Pharmacognosy,
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry,
4 Department of Organic Chemistry, 5Department of Pharmaceutical Botany -
POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TWO ROMANIAN CULTIVATED AGASTACHE SPECIES
MIHAELA-ANCUȚA NECHITA 1, NELI KINGA OLAH 2,3, TIMEA HENRIETTA BAB 2, RODICA VÂRBAN 4, DANIELA HANGANU 1*, DANIELA BENEDEC 1, ANCA TOIU 1, VLAD-IONUȚ NECHITA 5, ILIOARA ONIGA 1
1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2 SC PlantExtrakt SRL, 407059 Rădaia, Cluj County, Romania
3 Faculty of Pharmacy, “Vasile Goldiș” Western University from Arad, 86 L. Rebreanu Street, 310045 Arad, Romania 4Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
5 Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine,”Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania -
EXPLORING THE AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF HYPERICUM SCABRUM L. ON A SURGICALLY-INDUCED ENDOMETRIOSIS RAT MODEL AND ITS PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING BY LC-MS/MS
MERT ILHAN 1,2*, ABDULHAMIT BATTAL 3, BURAK KAPTANER 4, ABDULAHAD DOGAN 5, FATIH DONMEZ 5, MUSTAFA ABDULLAH YILMAZ 6, HUSEYIN EROGLU 4
1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Türkiye
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080, Tusba, Van, Türkiye
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080, Tusba, Van, Türkiye
4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080, Tusba, Van, Türkiye
5 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080, Tusba, Van, Türkiye
6 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakır, Türkiye -
SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF NEW N3-ARYL-AND N3-ALKYL-BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVES WITH POTENTIAL LOCAL ANAESTHETIC ACTION
TEODOR OCTAVIAN NICOLESCU 1#, GABRIELA STANCIU 2#, MAGDALENA MITITELU 3#, ADINA MAGDALENA MUSUC 4*, LUCIAN ISCRULESCU 1, DRAGOȘ PAUL MIHAI 5, FLORICA NICOLESCU
1“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Department, 3-6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956, Bucharest, Romania
2 “Ovidius” University of Constanța, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 124 Mamaia Boulevard, 900527, Constanța, Romania
3 “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Clinical Laboratory and Food Hygiene Department, 3-6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956, Bucharest, Romania
4 “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Splaiul Independenței, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
5 “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Department, 3-6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956, Bucharest, Romania
6 “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology Department, 3-6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956, Bucharest, Romania -
MUCOADHESIVE FILMS BASED ON POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FOR ORAL ADMINISTRATION: STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND MUCOADHESIVE PROPERTIES
OANA MIHAELA NEAGU 1, LAURA GRAȚIELA VICAȘ 2*, ANA-MARIA VLASE 3, LAURIAN VLASE 4, ANNAMARIA PALLAG 2, ALIN TEUȘDEA 5, ILDIKÓ BÁCSKAY 6, ELEONORA MARIAN 2, MARIANA EUGENIA MUREȘAN 7, TÜNDE JURCA 1,2
1Doctoral School of Biomedical Science, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087, Oradea, Romania 2Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1st December Square, 410073, Oradea, Romania
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
4 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
5 Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 26 General Magheru Avenue, 410087, Oradea, Romania
6 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Körút, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
7 Department of Preclinical Discipline, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1st December Square, 410073, Oradea, Romania -
BEVACIZUMABIN AND FIRST-LINE CHEMOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER: EVALUATION OF CLINICAL EFFICACY AND PROGRESSION-FREE SURVIVAL
JINHAO LIANG 1, CHENGJIANG XIANG 1, KE SUN 2*
1Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shengzhou People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch), Shengzhou, 312400, Zhejiang, China
2 Department of Anorectal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Xinchang, Xinchang, 312500, Zhejiang, China -
CATECHIN-ZINC-COMPLEX: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT
IONUȚ IULIAN LUNGU 1#, DENISA MARIN-BATÎR 2#, ALINA PANAINTE 1, CORNELIA MIRCEA 1, CRISTINA TUCHILUȘ 1, ALINA ȘTEFANACHE 1, FLORIN ADRIAN SZASZ 3, DANIEL GRIGORIE 4, SILVIA ROBU 3, OANA CIOANCĂ 1*, MONICA HĂNCIANU 1
1“Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
2 “Dunărea de Jos” University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galați, Romania
3 University of Medicine and Pharmacy Oradea, Faculty of Medicine, Oradea, Romania
4 “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania -
EFFECT OF MITOMYCIN C 0.02% ON ENDOTHELIAL CELLS DURING STREAMLIGHT TransPRK FOR PATIENTS WITH LOW-MODERATE MYOPIA/ASTIGMATISM
GEORGE SIMA 1, VALERIA MOCANU 1, ALEXANDRA MARIA PREDA 1, CATALINA TATARU 2*, CRISTINA PATRICIA PAC 1, MIHNEA MUNTEANU 1
1“Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Faculty of Medcine, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
2 “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 040292, Bucharest, Romania -
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF BIGELS CONTAINING NAPROXEN SODIUM FOR TOPICAL ADMINISTRATION
ADRIANA CIURBA 1#, AURELIA GABRIELA POPESCU 1#, ROBERT-ALEXANDRU VLAD 1*, EMŐKE RÉDAI 1, NICOLETA TODORAN 1, CORNELIA-TITIANA COTOI 1, MAGDALENA BÎRSAN 2, PAULA ANTONOAEA 1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540142, Târgu Mureș, Romania
2 Department of Drug Industry and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania -
THE IMPORTANCE OF CHROMOGRANIN A DOSAGE IN NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOURS
ALEXANDRA MIRICĂ, RALUCA PAPACOCEA *, DIANA PAUN, ROMINA SIMA, OANA VOINEA, IOANA ANCA BĂDĂRĂU
“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION, ACUTE TOXICITY, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS FROM AERIAL PARTS OF FOUR WILD GROWING ACHILLEA SPECIES
MILENKO RISTIĆ 1, BILJANA DEKIĆ 1, VIDOSLAV DEKIĆ 1, MILOŠ STANOJEVIĆ 2*, SLAVIŠA MILOŠEVIĆ 2, MARIJA AKSIĆ 1, SUZANA JANIĆEVIĆ 1
1University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, Lole Ribara 29, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
2 University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology, Lole Ribara 29, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia -
MULTIVARIATE DATA ANALYSIS FOR TABLETING PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT AT INDUSTRIAL SCALE. A CASE STUDY FOCUSED ON UNDERSTANDING AND AVOIDING THE OCCURRENCE OF CAPPING AND LAMINATION
RITA MATHE, TIBOR CASIAN *, ADRIANA MARINA, DAMARIS DAIANA MARUSCA, IOAN TOMUȚĂ
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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STATISTICAL CORRELATION OF FENTANYL PLASMATIC CONCENTRATION DETERMINED BY A LC-MS/MS METHOD WITH THE EVOLUTION OF PAIN INTENSITY
CARMEN DIANA CIMPOEȘU 1, VIORICA POPA 1, ALINA DIANA PANAINTE 2*, LUMINIȚA AGOROAEI 3, ALEXANDRU SAVA 2, LARISA PĂDURARU 2, MIHAELA CORLADE 1, NELA BIBIRE 2
1“Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine,16 Universității Street, 700115, Iași, Romania
2 “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 16 Universității Street, 700115, Iași, Romania
3 “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 16 Universității Street, 700115, Iași, Romania -
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CALLUS, IN VITRO AND EX VITRO EXTRACTS OF RUTA GRAVEOLENS L.
ZAKARIA I. AL-AJLOUNI 1*, SHIFAA ABBAS 1, ABDUL LATIEF AL-GHZAWI 2, IBRAHIM AL-MAKHADMEH 1, RANDA N. ALBDAIWI I 3,4, MOHAMAD SHATNAWI 5, AYED M. AL- ABDALLAT 6, ABDEL RAHMAN AL-TAWAHA 7
1Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan 2Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
3 Faculty of Science, Zarqa University, 2000 Zarqa, 13110, Jordan
4 Department of Land, Water and Environment, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan 5Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan 6Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan 7Department of Biological Sciences, Al Hussein bin Talal University, Maan, Jordan -
EVALUATING THE SYNERGISM BETWEEN SILDENAFIL AND METFORMIN IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF DIABETIC NEUROPATHY INDUCED BY ALLOXAN
CIPRIAN PUȘCAȘU 1, ANDREI VĂLEANU 1*, EMIL ȘTEFĂNESCU 1, NICOLETA MIRELA BLEBEA 2, SIMONA NEGREȘ 1
1“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956, Bucharest, Romania
2 “Ovidius” University of Constanța, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 Căpitan Aviator Al. Şerbănescu Street, 900470, Constanța, Romania -
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ULTRASOUND-BASED PREOPERATIVE EXOGENOUS SACUBITRIL/VALSARTAN ON THE HEART AND KIDNEY OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
YUNFEI WANG 1, LINA SUN 2, JING YU 1, YE ZHENG 1, YAHUAN HAO 1, YANJIE SU 1, LIQIU YAN1*
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
2 Second Department of Nephrology, Department of cardiovascular medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China -
AWARENESS AND RECOMMENDATION RELATED TO DPYD TESTING AMONG MEDICAL ONCOLOGISTS IN ROMANIA: A SURVEY STUDY
ANDRADA LARISA DEAC 1*, DANIEL SUR 2, ALECSANDRA GORZO 2, CRISTIAN-VIRGIL LUNGULESCU 3, CLAUDIA-CRISTINA BURZ 4, LOREDANA BĂLĂCESCU 2, ELENA ADRIANA DUMITRESCU 5, DANA LUCIA STĂNCULEANU 5, ANCA-DANA BUZOIANU 1
1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2 “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă" Institute of Oncology, 400125, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
3 Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
4 Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
5 Department of Oncology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474, Bucharest, Romania -
ANTIBIOTIC-RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS IN HOSPITALIZED CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE PATIENTS WITH FREQUENT EXACERBATION: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
AURELIA CRETU 1,2,3, CRISTINA MIHAELA GHICIUC 1,4*, ELENA CRISTINA MITROFAN 5, RAOUL VASILE LUPUSORU 1, MONICA HANCIANU 1, DIANA CIUBOTARIU 1, COSTICA MITROFAN 1,2, IOANA MARIA ONOFREI 1,6
1“Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iași, Romania 2Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, Iași, Romania
3 Pulmonary Diseases Department of “Elytis” Hospital Iași, Romania
4 “Sf. Maria” Clinical Hospital for Children, Iași, Romania
5 The Railway Clinical Hospital, Iași, Romania
6 “Sf. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Iași, Romania -
IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CYTOTOXIC PROFILE OF LIDOCAINE ON A-375 CUTANEOUS MELANOMA CELLS AND HACAT KERATINOCYTES
FELICIA FIAT 1#, BOGDAN NICULESCU 2#, ANDREI ROI 1, MIRCEA RIVIS 3*, ALINA ANTON 4,5, IASMINA MARCOVICI 4,5, ALEXANDRA-DENISA SEMENESCU 4,5, DALIBORCA VLAD 1, CRISTIAN DELCEA 6, ELENA BERNAD 1, GHEORGHE IOVANESCU 1
1Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041, Timișoara, Romania
2 Department of Sports and Health, “Constantin Brâncuși” University, 210152, Târgu Jiu, Romania
3 Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041, Timișoara, Romania
4 Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041, Timișoara, Romania
5 Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041, Timișoara, Romania
6 Faculty of Psychology, “Tibiscus” University, 300559, Timișoara, Romania -
TRENDS IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE NUMBER OF ROMANIAN AND FOREIGN PHARMACISTS WORKING IN ROMANIA DURING THE TIME FRAME OF 2018 TO 2027
CRISTINA RAIS *, ADRIANA-ELENA TĂEREL, VALENTINA SOROCEANU, ANA-MARIA ATĂNĂSOIE, EMILIA STANCU
Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Marketing, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS AMONG ASTHMA PATIENTS – A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY FROM PAKISTAN
RASHIDA BIBI 1, AYESHA IQBAL 2,3, HIRA KHAN 1, AIMAN KHALID 1, NOOULAIN 1, SANA SAMREEN 4*, WAJID SYED 5, MAHMOOD BASIL A. AL-RAWI 6
1Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Abbottabad, Pakistan
2 Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, University Park Campus, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
3 Office of Lifelong Learning and the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, AB T6G1C9, Edmonton, Canada
4 Aurobindo College of Pharmacy, Warangal, Telangana, India
5 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
6 Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia