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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN POST TUBERCULOSIS BRONCHIECTASIS EXACERBATIONS

IOAN ANTON ARGHIR 1,2, ȘTEFAN RAȘCU 3*, IULIA TANIA ANDRONACHE 4, ILEANA ION 1

1 Doctoral School of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Romania
2 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
3 Discipline of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
4 Internal Medicine Clinic, “Dr. Alexandru Gafencu” Military Emergency Hospital, Constanta, Romania

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There are few publications on the antibiotic resistance of pathogens involved in post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis exacerbations (EB-TB). We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and frequency of antibiotic resistance patterns among hospitalized patients with confirmed bronchiectasis. The study was conducted between January 1, 2020, and May 31, 2025, and included 358 patients hospitalized at the Clinical Hospital of Pneumology in Constanța, Romania. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on all sputum samples collected, revealing a prevalence of microbial resistance to antibiotics of 22.35%, which increased to 76.47% in patients with renal comorbidities (p ˂ 0.001) and 50.59% in those receiving empirical antibiotic treatment prior to admission (p ˂ 0.001). The most frequently identified germs with multiple antibiotic resistance were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and species of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Resistance to b-lactams and cephalosporins was found in 46.12% of isolates, with the highest resistance (71%) identified in ampicillin. The results indicate an increased prevalence of germs with high antibiotic resistance involved in EB.