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OPTIMIZATION OF GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM ARECA CATECHU L. SEED EXTRACT WITH VARIATIONS OF SILVER NITRATE AND EXTRACT CONCENTRATIONS USING SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN METHOD

ELSA FITRIA APRIANI, MARDIYANTO MARDIYANTO *, ANJAS HENDRAWAN

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Silver nanoparticles have been widely used because of their antibacterial properties. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using the ethanolic extract of Areca catechu L. seed because it can act as a bioreductor and stabilizer. This study aims to optimize the formula for silver nanoparticles using the simplex lattice design method with various concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and extract. The study used 9 formulas to determine the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of silver nanoparticles. The ethanolic extract of Areca catechu L. seed contains flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, and saponins which can reduce and stabilize silver nanoparticles. The flavonoid content was 110.849 mg CE/g extract. Optimum formula obtained from the concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3) 3 mM and 3 mL of extract concentration of 10% w/v. The maximum wavelength of SPR was 420 nm and the absorbance was 1.427, particle size was 122.53 nm, PDI was 0.35, and zeta potential was -21.17 mV. The results of the thermodynamic stability test showed the formation of an irreversible precipitate, a bathochromic and hypochromic shift in the SPR spectrum, and a decrease in the pH value. The optimum formula has quite good particle characteristics but is still not physically stable.