Romanian Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION FROM ARTOCARPUS ALTILIS AND A. HETEROPHYLLUS LEAVES ON GENTAMICIN-PIROXICAM NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

FITRYA 1*, ELFITA 2, SYAFRINA LAMIN 3, FATIMAH AZZAHRA 1, ARDHIA NUR AZIZAH 1, RENNIE PUSPA NOVITA 1, ANNISA AMRIANI 1

1Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km.32, Indralaya, 30662, South Sumatera, Indonesia 2Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km.32, Indralaya, 30662, South Sumatera, Indonesia 3Department of Biology, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km.32, Indralaya, 30662, South Sumatera, Indonesia

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The kidney is a multifunctional organ vulnerable to nephrotoxic agents such as antibiotics. Among these antibiotics, gentamicin (GM) is one of the most toxic in its class. The nephrotoxicity of GM can be exacerbated by NSAIDs such as piroxicam. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of the ethyl acetate fractions of Artocarpus altilis (ETA) and A. heterophyllus (ETH) on rat’s nefrotoxicity kidney induced by GM + piroxicam. The forty-five rats were divided into nine groups, including normal control (5% Na CMC), negative control (GM + piroxicam), Ketosteril (55 mg/kg bw), and six test groups of GM + piroxicam treated with ETA and ETH (daily doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg bw). The nephroprotective effects were assessed through biochemical and histopathological parameters. The administration of ETA and ETH for 28 days significantly increased rats’ urine volume. The biochemical parameter assessment showed that ETA and ETH significantly reduced serum creatinine and urea levels, urinary protein, and increased creatinine clearance. Furthermore, ETA and ETH improved the structural damage of glomeruli and renal tubules in rats. This nephroprotective capacity was supported by normalized kidney index values. ETA and ETH at a dose of 500 mg exhibited the most significant improvement. In general, ETA and ETH showed promising potential nephroprotective effects for adjuvant therapy for kidney damage and hypertension.