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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND HAEMOLYTIC ACTIVITIES OF CRAMBE CORDIFOLIA ROOTS

MUHAMMAD ABID RASHID 1*, MUHAMMAD NADEEM AKHTAR 2, AISHA ASHRAF 3, SADIA NAZIR 3, ANAM IJAZ 1, NORADILA ABDULLAH OMAR 2, SADIA NOOR 1, ABDUL BASIT 1, RASOOL BAKHSH TAREEN 4

1.Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
2.Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Malaysia
3.Department of Chemistry, Government, College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
4.Department of Botany, Balochistan University, Quetta, Pakistan
*corresponding author: marashid@uaf.edu.pk

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In the current study, we investigated the chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and haemolytic activities of the crude (methanolic) and n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of roots of Crambe cordifolia Steven. The GC-MS analysis led to identification of erucic acid (20.8%), p-cymene (20.9%), palmitic acid (19.2%) and vitamin E (13.8 %) as major components of methanol, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts respectively. The results of spectrophotometric assays showed that the methanol extract had the highest total phenolic contents (210.3 ± 0.74 µg GAE/mg of dry plant material), total flavonoid contents (75.5 ± 0.32 µg QE/mg of dry plant material) and antioxidant potential. It was established by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods that, overall, the methanol extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against most of the tested microbial strains (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani) as compared with the n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts. The outcome of the haemolytic assay showed that the tested extract and different solvent fractions were safe to human erythrocyte membrane.