THE HISTO-ANATOMICAL INVESTIGATION AND THE
POLYPHENOLIC PROFILE OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPLEX ACTIVE
INGREDIENTS FROM THREE VIOLA SPECIES
TÜNDE JURCA 1, ANNAMARIA PALLAG 1*, ELEONORA MARIAN 1, MARIANA EUGENIA MUREȘAN 1, ROXANA LIANA STAN 2, LAURA GRAȚIELA VICAȘ 1
1University of Oradea, Medicine and Pharmacy Faculty, Department of Pharmacy,29 Nicolae Jiga Str., 410028, Oradea, Romania
2Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and
Pharmacy „Iuliu-Hațieganu” Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania
*corresponding author: annamariapallag@gmail.com
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Abstract:
In the present study three edible species of the Violaceae family (Viola odorata L., Viola tricolor L. and Viola wittrockiana
Gams.) were screened in order to assess their morphological and anatomical characteristics, their polyphenolic contents and
their antioxidant activities. The dried herbal drugs were lyophilized and underwent pre-treatment for high pressure liquid
chromatography. Thus 6 flavonoids and 6 phenolic acids were quantitatively determined. Antioxidant activity was evaluated
using several methods: FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and CUPRAC
(cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) assay. The polyphenolic profile revealed the presence of common components
between species such as rutin, myricetin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, vanillic acid and other compounds such
as catechin, luteolin, epicatechin, naringenin, syringic acid and caffeic acid, specific only in some of the studied species.

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