TOXICITY INVESTIGATION OF AN EXTRACT OF AMARANTHUS
RETROFLEXUS L. (AMARANTHACEAE) LEAVES
MIHAELA DINU1, ADRIANA IULIANA ANGHEL1*, OCTAVIAN TUDOREL OLARU1, OANA CRISTINA ȘEREMET2, TATIANA CALALB3, MARIA COJOCARU-TOMA3, SIMONA NEGREŞ2, MARILENA VIORICA HOVANEŢ1, CRISTINA ELENA ZBÂRCEA2, ROBERT ANCUCEANU1
1University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical
Botany and Cell Biology, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956, Bucharest, Romania
2University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Clinical Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956, Bucharest, Romania
3“Nicolae Testemiţanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy
and Pharmaceutical Botany, 165 Ștefan cel Mare și Sfânt, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova
*corresponding author: anghel_adriana_iuliana@yahoo.com
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Abstract:
The dry hydro-ethanolic extract obtained from leaves of Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Amaranthaceae) with an yield of 22.53%
was assessed with respect to its acute toxicity in NMRI mice, cytotoxicity on the crustacean Daphnia magna and
phytotoxicity on Triticum aestivum L. The lack of lethality and of any change in the indicators followed in mice (2000 mg/kg
b.w. po) was demonstrated, the extract being classified into the 5th category of the Global Harmonized System (GHS). The
Daphnia magna test results indicated a low toxicity (LC50 of 1053.0 μg/mL), in agreement with the results above, and the
cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on plant cell, investigated by the Triticum bioassay manifest at high concentrations only (1.00% -
0.100%), for which changes in the mitotic film are also observed: mitoinhibition, anaphases with retarded chromosomes,
metaphases with “sticky” chromosomes.

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