CONTRIBUTION TO THE
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND
PHYTOBIOLOGICAL STUDY ON ABUTILON
THEOPHRASTI MEDIK. (MALVACEAE)
MIHAELA DINU1, MARIA-LIDIA POPESCU2, ROBERT
ANCUCEANU1*, MARILENA-VIORICA HOVANEŢ1, GEORGE
GHIŢULESCU1
1Pharmaceutical Botany Department, “Carol Davila” University of
Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia, 020956, Bucharest, Romania
2Pharmacognosy. Phytochemistry. Phytotherapy Department, “Carol
Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia, 020956,
Bucharest, Romania
* corresponding author: robert.ancuceanu@botanica-farmaceutica.ro
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Abstract:
Abutilon theophrasti Medik., velvet (Malvaceae) was pharmacognostically
investigated aiming to establish its morpho-anatomical characteristics (root, stem, leaf, flower) and leaf chemical composition. A phytobiological test (Triticum test) assessed the activity of two extracts prepared from leaves (aqueous extract 5.00 – 0.033 % w/v and total extract of polysaccharides 1.00 – 0.006 w/v %) on plant cell division.
The following histo-anatomical elements were observed: secondary structure with dilated rays (root); incomplete secondary structure (stem); sclerenchymatous fibres (root, stem); dorsi-ventral (bifacial) structure with two-layered palisade tissue, druses of calcium oxalate, unicellular trichomes forming star-shaped groups, glandular hairs (leaf); and androspore with echinate exine and endothecium (flower). Carotenoids, sterols, triterpenes, rutin, polyphenolcarboxilic acids, condensed tannins, mono - and polysaccharides and reductive compounds were identified. Leaves contained 7.01 – 7.02 g % polysaccharides, 0.45 – 0.60 g % flavones (expressed as rutin) and 0.22 – 0.48 g % polyphenolcarboxilic acids (expressed as caffeic acid).
The aqueous extract (5.00 – 0.33% w/v) and polysaccharides fraction (1.00 – 0.5% w/v) inhibited the Triticum root growth (the aqueous extract more intensely); a mitoinhibitory activity was observed, with metaphases and telophases in tropokinesis, anaphases and telophases with bridges and bent membranes.
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